查人人中国名人网亳不什么成语:现在完成时的重点与难点（或语法）
来源：百度文库 编辑：查人人中国名人网 时间：2024/04/30 13:28:51
现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果，过去的这个动作或状态也有可能持续下去。
例：I have just done my homework.
Who has taken my pen?
He has lived here since 1992.
The bus has just left.
They have seen the film already.
一．现在完成时的构成：
现在完成时的句子结构是“主语+助动词have / has + 动词过去分词”。当主语是第三人称单数形式时，要用助动词has,其他形式主语时用助动词have.
例：I have had lunch already.
She has bought some books .
The building has been built for 3 years.
动词过去分词的构成方式有两种情况：规则变化和不规则变化，规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在词尾加-ed构成；不规则变化的过去分词见书后的不规则动词表。
二．现在完成时的句子转换：
现在完成时的句子变成疑问句时把have或has提到主语前；变成否定句时把have或has后加not，其缩写形式分别为haven’t和hasn’t.
三．现在完成时的用法：
1． 表示一个动作刚刚结束或完成，但这个动作所造成的状态或影响依然存在，即表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，常与副词just, already, yet 连用。（注意：already多用于肯定句或疑问句中，yet常用于疑问句或否定句句尾。）
We have already known each other.
I have just washed my face.
I haven’t read your novel yet.
2． 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，而且可能继续下去，常与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。For后接一段时间；since 后接过去的点时间或表示过去时间的时间状语从句。
It hasn’t rained since two months ago.
He has been in Beijing for over ten years.
How many words have you learned since you came here?
3． 表示从过去到现在曾经发生过或经历过某事，表达一种经验或经历，常与副词ever, never, once, twice, before等连用。
Have you ever seen him before?
We have ever been to hainan many times.
I have never seen you before.
四．使用现在完成时应注意的几点：
1. have (has)been to 表示“曾经去过或到过某地”，表示一种经历，现在可能还在那里，也可能不在那里了。它可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。
I have been to Australia three times.
Has she ever been there?
have (has)gone to表示“某人去某地了”说明那个人不在说话处，其主语常用第三人称。
I didn’t see your father. Where is he?
He has gone to Australia.
2. 点动词或非延续性动词：
buy, borrow, leave, join, die, arrive, come, go, begin, start, get, become, lose等，它们不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：
for +一段时间，since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语。
（1） 用延续性动词或状态动词代替非延续性动词。
buy------ have
borrow---keep(have)
become—be
die--- be dead
marry----be married
start(begin)---be on
end(finish)----be over
join------ be in
arrive(reach, get to,)---be in
leave---be off
例：I have kept the book for a month.
She has had the bike for over a year.
They have been in this country for more than 3 years.
The concert has been on for half an hour.
They have been off for a long time.
（2） 使用“It is /it has been + 时间+ since +过去时态的句子 ”结构，表示以since引导的时间状语从句中的动作自发生以来已经有一段时间了。It后面的be动词常用一般现在时，但有时也可以用一般将来时或一般现在时。
1. It is a long time since they saw each other last.
2. How long is it since you took part in the organization?
3.It has been 3 years since I lived here.
4.It will be 8 years next month since I became a teacher.
五．现在完成时与一般过去时：
现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，重点说明现在，它不能与明确指出过去的时间的状语 （如yesterday, last week, three years ago, …ago, just now, ）连用。但可以和一些不明确指出时间的时间状语（如：already, ever, never, yet, sometimes, begore, often, once, twice）连用。
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或状态，叙述过去的事实，不涉及现在。因此可以和表示过去的时间状连用。
1、动词要用过去分词（如play-played，be-been等）
2、第一人称（I）、第二人称（You），以及第三人称复数（We，they……）在动词前加have，第三人称单数（He，she，it……）加has
难点：
要背一些不规则变化的过去分词，如read-read，put-put，go-gonedengdeng
其实很简单，掌握这几点就应该没问题了
现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果，过去的这个动作或状态也有可能持续下去。
例：I have just done my homework.
Who has taken my pen?
He has lived here since 1992.
The bus has just left.
They have seen the film already.
一．现在完成时的构成：
现在完成时的句子结构是“主语+助动词have / has + 动词过去分词”。当主语是第三人称单数形式时，要用助动词has,其他形式主语时用助动词have.
例：I have had lunch already.
She has bought some books .
The building has been built for 3 years.
动词过去分词的构成方式有两种情况：规则变化和不规则变化，规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在词尾加-ed构成；不规则变化的过去分词见书后的不规则动词表。
二．现在完成时的句子转换：
现在完成时的句子变成疑问句时把have或has提到主语前；变成否定句时把have或has后加not，其缩写形式分别为haven’t和hasn’t.
三．现在完成时的用法：
1． 表示一个动作刚刚结束或完成，但这个动作所造成的状态或影响依然存在，即表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，常与副词just, already, yet 连用。（注意：already多用于肯定句或疑问句中，yet常用于疑问句或否定句句尾。）
We have already known each other.
I have just washed my face.
I haven’t read your novel yet.
2． 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，而且可能继续下去，常与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。For后接一段时间；since 后接过去的点时间或表示过去时间的时间状语从句。
It hasn’t rained since two months ago.
He has been in Beijing for over ten years.
How many words have you learned since you came here?
3． 表示从过去到现在曾经发生过或经历过某事，表达一种经验或经历，常与副词ever, never, once, twice, before等连用。
Have you ever seen him before?
We have ever been to hainan many times.
I have never seen you before.
四．使用现在完成时应注意的几点：
1. have (has)been to 表示“曾经去过或到过某地”，表示一种经历，现在可能还在那里，也可能不在那里了。它可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。
I have been to Australia three times.
Has she ever been there?
have (has)gone to表示“某人去某地了”说明那个人不在说话处，其主语常用第三人称。
I didn’t see your father. Where is he?
He has gone to Australia.
2. 点动词或非延续性动词：
buy, borrow, leave, join, die, arrive, come, go, begin, start, get, become, lose等，它们不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：
for +一段时间，since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语。
（1） 用延续性动词或状态动词代替非延续性动词。
buy------ have
borrow---keep(have)
become—be
die--- be dead
marry----be married
start(begin)---be on
end(finish)----be over
join------ be in
arrive(reach, get to,)---be in
leave---be off
例：I have kept the book for a month.
She has had the bike for over a year.
They have been in this country for more than 3 years.
The concert has been on for half an hour.
They have been off for a long time.
（2） 使用“It is /it has been + 时间+ since +过去时态的句子 ”结构，表示以since引导的时间状语从句中的动作自发生以来已经有一段时间了。It后面的be动词常用一般现在时，但有时也可以用一般将来时或一般现在时。
1. It is a long time since they saw each other last.
2. How long is it since you took part in the organization?
3.It has been 3 years since I lived here.
4.It will be 8 years next month since I became a teacher.
五．现在完成时与一般过去时：
现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，重点说明现在，它不能与明确指出过去的时间的状语 （如yesterday, last week, three years ago, …ago, just now, ）连用。但可以和一些不明确指出时间的时间状语（如：already, ever, never, yet, sometimes, begore, often, once, twice）连用。
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或状态，叙述过去的事实，不涉及现在。因此可以和表示过去的时间状连用。
回答者：猫的塔罗牌 - 试用期 一级 8-10 19:49
1、动词要用过去分词（如play-played，be-been等）
2、第一人称（I）、第二人称（You），以及第三人称复数（We，they……）在动词前加have，第三人称单数（He，she，it……）加has
难点：
要背一些不规则变化的过去分词，如read-read，put-put，go-gonedengdeng