山东淄博高新区一中:帮忙翻译——Metalworking/ Metallurgy？？

Metalworking

The discovery and use of iron to make tools and weapons was one of the most important advances in civilization. Some historians consider the use of iron to be one of the distinguishing characteristics separating civilization from barbarism because the new tools increased productivity dramatically and led to so many new advances. Compared to bronze, iron tools were less brittle, could hold sharper edges, and held edges for a longer time without sharpening. Most importantly, iron ore was much easier to locate than copper and tin, making iron tools cheaper and more readily available. By 1000 BC iron tools were being made that were as good as the best ones of bronze; by 500 BC iron had largely supplanted bronze from Europe to Asia. The expense and scarcity of bronze had restricted its use to the elite and wealthy. Iron tools and weapons were available to nearly everyone.

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Metallurgy
The use of iron spread throughout the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Asia during the first millennium BC, and some areas became especially adept at the new science. Certain compounds added to the molten metal increased the strength of the resulting tools. New forging techniques also resulted in better tools. The best iron workers made superior weapons that were an important advantage in battle.
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