部门质量工作总结报告:哪位大侠能帮忙翻译一下这篇关于网络教学(network teaching)的文章

来源:百度文库 编辑:查人人中国名人网 时间:2024/05/01 14:23:20
在实现计算机运用和信息网络化的今天,效率的大幅提高以及信息交换比较的深入和扩大,使人类的生活越来越离不开数字化、信息化。信息决定着我们的生存,这已是不争的事实。以多媒体计算机技术和网络通讯技术为主要标志的信息技术,对当代社会产生着重大的影响,改变着我们的工作方式、学习方式和生活方式。信息技术在教育领域的运用是导致教育领域彻底变革的决定性因素,它必将导致教学内容、手段、方法、模式甚至教学思想、观念、理论,乃至体制的根本变革。
一.网络环境下教学资源的特点
当前, 深化教育改革,全面推进素质教育,注重学生发展,是教育的目标。传统教学以行为主义学习理论为指导,强调刺激--反应,教师的作用只是起到一个外部刺激作用,教学当中忽视了学生内在心理反应。这种教学模式以教师为中心,学生在学习过程中,处于被动的位置上,学生成了知识的灌输对象,这种教学模式不符合素质教育要求的,它扼杀了学生的个性。人本主义理论认为教学的问题主要是:教学目标上,强调个性与创造性的发展;课程内容上,强调学生的直接经验;方法上,主张以学生为中心,放手让学生自我选择、自我发现。这种主张与素质教育所强调的是相同的。

以学生为主体的教育思想日益得到认同,利用信息技术支持自主学习成为必然发展趋向。作为一种新的教学模式,把多媒体计算机软件与课程教学有机结合起来,利用多媒体计算机软件的集成功能,把文字、图形图像、声音、动画及视频影像有机地集合在一起,使教学内容以生动活泼的形式呈现在学生的面前,采用交互式人机对话,学生在多媒体网络环境下自主使用,充分发挥学生的主动性,让学生在不同的情境下应用他们所学的知识(将知识“外化”),让学生能根据自身行动的反馈信息来形成对客观事物的认识和解决实际问题的方案(实现自我反馈)。刺激学生多种感官,激发学生的学习兴趣,从而提高学生的学习效果和教学效率。此外,多媒体软件具有灵活的交互功能,可以使学生有计划、有组织地进行自主学习,为培养学生自主学习能力提供了条件。
二.网络环境下教学过程
网络环境下教学资源的特点为素质教育提供实施环境。在网络环境下的教学的信息资源永远开放,传播媒介多向交流,传递系统为多媒体,知识跨越时空限制。这一特点决定了网络环境下教学过程是:开放性与全球化;学习过程的交互性;学习内容选择的自主性和个性化;内容形式的多媒体化。在一定的社会背景中,选用学习资源或外界帮助主动建构知识意义的过程,它的主要内容是通过学习分析,设计学习资源,认知工具以及学习者的自主学习、主动学习和支持自主学习、主动学习的教学策略、模式。这种以学为中心的教学设计符合了人本主义及素质教育的对教育的要求。网络环境下教师不再是知识的广播者,教师除了主要起到教学资源的组织(当然包括教学资源的设计、制作、整合、试验、测试等)作用外,还在教学当中起到辅导个别、督促个别、察看全体学习过程。实现了教学目标,大部分的学生学会了自主获取信息,动手、动眼、动脑三维一体,多重刺激,学习兴趣增强了,创新能力增强了。在这种情况下教师和学生的地位与传统教学相比发生了很大改变,教学不再是单纯的知识传授与灌输;教师的角色主要是教学信息资源的设计者、学生学习促进者,教师在这种模式下的重要性更大了,计算机只是一种信息加工和呈现的工具,教师唯一选择是需要不断的更新知识和扩大知识面;教学组织者需要跨学科的知识结构。

Largely enhances as well as the exchange of information comparison in the realization computer utilization and the information network now efficiency penetrates and expands enable humanity's life more and more not to be able to leave the digitization, the information. The information was deciding our survival, this already was a fact which did not struggle. Take the multimedia computer technology and the network communication technology as the main symbol information technology, is having the significant influence to the contemporary society, is changing our work way, the study way and the life style. The information technology is causes the education domain thorough transformation in the education domain utilization the determining factor, it will certainly to cause the course content, the method, the method, the pattern even teaching thought, the idea, the theory, and even system radical transformation .
一.Under network environment teaching resources characteristic
Presently, the deepened education reform, comprehensively advances the education for all-around development, pays great attention to the student to develop, is the education goal. The traditional teaching take the behaviorism study theory as the instruction, emphasized stimulated -- the response, teacher's function only is to an exterior stimulation, the teaching has neglected the student intrinsic psychology response. This kind of educational model take the teacher as the center, the student in the study process, is in the passive position, studied produces knowledge instilling into not to conform to the education for all-around development requirement to this kind of educational model, it has strangled student's individuality. The humanism theory thought the teaching the question mainly is: In teaching goal, emphasis individuality and creative development; In the curriculum content, emphasizes student's direct experience; In the method, advocated take the student as the center, drops to let the student self- choice, the self- discovery. What this kind of position and the education for all-around development emphasized is same .
二.Under network environment teaching

Under the network environment the teaching resources characteristic provides the implementation environment for the education for all-around development. Forever opens the politics vector under the network environment teaching information resource to be many to the exchange, the transmission system causes the knowledge for the multi- intermediaries to surmount the space and time limit. This characteristic had decided under the network environment the teaching process is: Openness and globalization; Study process interaction; Study content choice independency and individuality; Content form multimedia. In the certain social background, selects the study resources or the outside help constructs the construction knowledge significance on own initiative the process, its main content is through the study analysis, the design study resources, the cognition tool as well as the study independent study, the initiative study and the support independent study, the initiative study teaching strategy, the pattern .This kind take studied has conformed to the humanism and the education for all-around development as the central teaching design to the education request. Under the network environment the teacher no longer is the knowledge broadcast outside, the teacher except mainly plays the teaching resources organization (certainly to include teaching resources design, manufacture, conformity, experiment, test and so on) role, but also gets up counselling individually in the teaching, the supervision is individual, observes all to study the process. Has achieved the teaching goal, the majority of students have learned the independent gain information, begins, to move the eye, to move the brain three dimensional body, multiple stimulates, the study interest strengthened, the innovation ability strengthened. The teacher and student's status and the traditional teaching compared in this kind of situation has had the very big change, the teaching no longer is the pure knowledge instruction with instills into; Teacher's role mainly is the teaching information resource designer, the student studies the promotion, teacher's has been bigger under this kind of pattern importance, the computer only is the tool which one kind of information processes and presents, the teacher only choice is needs the unceasing renewal knowledge and the expanded aspect of knowledge; The teaching organizer needs to step the discipline knowledge structure .