查人人中国名人网calendar 安卓:求英文原文或人手译文（第二段）！！！
来源：百度文库 编辑：查人人中国名人网 时间：2024/04/28 13:08:14
然而当我们研究柏拉图的苏格拉底对话时，我们在任何地方都找不到对这个新问题的一个直接解答。苏格拉底向我们详细而不厌其烦地分析了人的各种品质和品德。他试图规定这些品质的性质并给它们下定义：善、公正、节制、勇敢，等等。但他从未冒昧地提出一个关于人的定义。这种表面上的不足应当如何解释呢？苏格拉底是有意地采取了一种兜圈子的方法——一种只允许触及问题的表面而不深入问题内部及其真正核心的方法吗？但是在这里比在其它任何地方，我们都更加应该揣测苏格拉底的反语。恰恰正是苏格拉底的这种否定回答给这个问题带来了新的和意想不到的启示，正是这种否定回答告诉了我们苏格拉底对人的概念的正面看法：我们绝不可能用探测物理事物的本性的方法来发现人的本性。物理事物可以根据它们的客观属性来描述，但是人却只能根据他的意识来描述和定义。这个事实提出了一个全新的问题，这个问题是不可能靠我们通常的研究方式来解决的。前苏格拉底哲学中所使用的那种经验观察和逻辑分析，在这里被证明是不够的和不充分的。因为只有在我们与人类的直接交往中，我们才能洞察人的特性。要理解人，我们就必须在实际上面对着人，必须面对面地与人来往。因此，苏格拉底哲学的与众不同之处不在于一种新的客观内容，而恰恰在于一种新的思想活动和功能。哲学，在此以前一直被看成是一种理智的独白，现在则转变为一种对话。只有靠着对话式的亦即辩证的思想活动，我们才能达到对人类本性的认识。以往，真理总是被看成应当是某种现成的东西，它可以靠思考者的独自努力而被把握，并且能轻易地传递和传达给其他人。但是苏格拉底不再满足于这种见解。在《理想国》中柏拉图说道，往一个人的灵魂中灌输真理，就象给一个天生的瞎子以视力一样是不可能的。真理就其本性而言就是辩证的思想的产物。因此，如果不通过人们在相互的提问与回答中不断地合作，真理就不可能获得。因此，真理不象一种经验的对象，它必须被理解为是一种社会活动的产物。在这里，我们获得了对于“人是什么？”这一问题的新的、间接的答案。人被宣称为应当是不断探究他自身的存在物——一个在他生存的每时每刻都必须查问和审视他的生存状况的存在物。人类生活的真正价值，恰恰就存在于这种审视中，存在于这种对人类生活的批判态度中。在《申辩篇》中苏格拉底说：“一种未经审视的生活还不如没有的好。”我们可以概括苏格拉底的思想说，他把人定义为：人是一个对理性问题能给予理性回答的存在物。人的知识和道德都包含在这种循环的问答活动中。正是依靠这种基本的能力——对自己和他人作出回答response的能力，人成为一个“有责任的”responsible存在物，成为一个道德主体。
However when we study Su's space of the Pla to pull the bottom dialogue, we are all canning not find anyplace new a direct solution of the problem to this.Su's space pull the bottom toward us detailed but don't be disgusted with various quality and moral qualitieses that it analyzed the person vexedly.He tries the property of rule these qualities to combine to give a definition for them:Well, fair, forbear, brave, etc..But he have never be take the liberty to put forward a concerning person of definition.How should this kind of superficial shortage explain?Su's space pull the bottom to adopt on purpose a kind of the method for go around in circles- a kind of allow to touch the problem only of the method of the surface but not thorough problem inner part and its real core?But compare here in the other anyplace, we all should surmise anti- language that Su's space pulls the bottom more.Exactly and exactly Su's space pulled this kind of negation of the bottom to answer to bring for this problem new of and unexpected apocalypse, exactly this kind of negation the answer told us that Su's space pulls the bottom to positive viewpoint of the person's concept:We are unique impossible use to probe into the method of man's natural character of the physics thing man's natural character of discover the person.The physics thing can according to their objective belong to sex to describe, but person only the ability describes and defines according to his consciousness.This fact put forward an all new problem, this problem is impossible to is resolve by our usual research method.Ex- Su's space pulls the bottom philosophy in use of that kind of the experience observation and the logic analysis, be prove here is not enough and deficient.Because only in we with the mankind's direct association, we then can the insight into person's characteristic.To comprehend the person, we must be for all practical purpose to face the person, must face to face and person's friendly intercourse.Therefore, Su's space pulls the place of the out of the ordinary of the bottom philosophy not to lie in a kind of lately objective contents, but lie in a kind of new thought activity and functions exactly.Philosophy, was always see before this is a kind of rational soliloquy, now then changed into a kind of have a conversation.Only lean against the dialogue type of that is the thought activity of the dialectical, we then can attain the understanding to mankind's man's natural character.Before, the truth was always see should be a certain and ready-made thing, it can depend the thinking alone work hard of but is hold, and can deliver and inform with ease to the others.But Su's space no longer pull the bottom contented with this kind of views.The Plato says in 《 Utopia 》 , going toward a person's soul in the infusion the truth, is similar for a born blind person with the sight for the elephant is impossible.The truth is the outcome of the dialectic thought in regard to its man's natural character.Therefore, if the impassability leads the people to cooperate constantly in mutually lift ask with answer, the truth impossibly acquires.Therefore, the truth not a kind of empirical object of elephant, it must be comprehend for is a kind of outcome of social activity.At the here, we acquire for" what person is?" This problem of new, the answer of the indirectly.The person was enounce for should investigate the existence thing of his oneself continuously- an at what he exist is each engrave the existence thing of the existence condition that must check to ask and examine him each time.The real value of the life of mankind, exist exactly to examine in this kind of medium, exist in this kind of judgment attitude that lives to the mankind.Su's space pulls the bottom to say in 《申 argue article 》 :" A kind of life that has not yet to examine return not equal to have no good." We can generalize the thought that Su's space pulls the bottom to say, he define person as:The person is an existence thing that can give the reasonableness answer to the reasonableness problem.The person's knowledge and moralseses all include the question and answer activity that circulates at this kind of in.Depend on this kind of basic ability exactly- make the ability of an answer response to the oneself and others, the person becomes a" accountable" responsible existence thing, becoming a morals corpus.