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三、 完善我国反倾销法的建议
《反倾销条例》的出台,是顺应了我国经济发展的需要,是我国加入WTO后对我国法律逐步进行修改的一个方面,是我国立法技术不断提高的一个证明。应当说,反倾销法的制定非常有意义。但是,我们也应该看到,囿于我们反倾销的实践不多,还有其他诸多的现实问题,新颁布的反倾销法仍有很多的不足。可以想象,随着我国进入WTO,外国的企业与我国各个领域的企业面对面交锋的机会不断增加,我们的反倾销法在发挥其作用的同时也会日益暴露它的不足。因此,笔者认为,应当积极着手反倾销法的修改工作。在修改的过程中,我们可以考虑以下几方面:
1、提高反倾销法律的“档次”。如前所述,我国《反倾销条例》为国务院颁布的行政法规,这种行政法规效力毕竟不如全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会颁布的法律。鉴此,结合我国几起反倾销调查案件的实践,在现行《条例》的基础上,加快研究和制定一部经由全国人大常委会颁布的反倾销法律,对于促进我国反倾销法的不断完善和趋势稳定,并与国际接轨都十分重要。
2、配套法规的完善。我国除了出台专门的反倾销条例,还应该考虑到法规之间的相互作用和影响的关系。我国对《价格法》、《反不正当竞争法》、《对外贸易法》和《关于处罚低价出口行为的暂行规定》等法条也要做相应的修改。譬如,在《关于处罚低价出口行为的暂行规定》中就要充分补充对低价倾销产品的企业的法律责任和制裁措施。对出口企业相互倾轧,低价竞争的做法给予严厉制裁,以维护出口秩序,打击倾销行为。而在完善《价格法》时,就要调整关于价格调节基金制度的规定。在全国或一省制定统一的价格调节基金制度的规定,使其逐步走向法制化、规范化的轨道。⑦
3、因果关系及附加条件。GATT《1994年反倾销协议》对与倾销与损害之间的因果关系采取了列举式和排除式相结合的做法,即应当审查提交给当局的所有相关证据,并排除倾销产品外的、同时对国内产业造成损害的其他因素,如非倾销价格出口的进口产品的数量和价格、国内需求的减少或消费模式的变化等。这些都是值得在修改我国反倾销法中予以借鉴的。而对于附加条件,笔者则认为,必要的附加条件,诸如对国家总体利益的考虑,国内消费者可能因该产品被征收反倾销税而增加的负担与国内产业所受损害的程度相比较等等,有益于:(1)增加有关调查当局实际操作中的灵活性;(2)避免因片面保护某一产业部门而招致国家总体利益、对外贸易大局以及广大消费者利益的巨大损失;(3)有利于我国加强对外贸易经济谈判,因为征收反倾销税并非唯一的、最优先的抵制倾销的方法。当然,对“附加条件”必须严格加以限制,以防止有关调查部门的主观随意,增强反倾销法的严肃性和权威性。
4、进一步明确和规范反倾销调查程序。(1)明确规定“申请人”、“国务院有关部门”、“利害关系方”等规定;(2)依照《协议》的规定,完善我国反倾销复审与审查制度;(3)在调查程序中,主管当局要向当事人披露重要事实,使当事人有充分的时间发表意见,陈述看法,提供相关的资料以求的最大程度的捍卫自己的合法权利。这是各国规定,我国亦如此。但我国对何为“重要事实”却没有做出明确的规定,我国反倾销法对此应有具体的操作标准。(4)参照《协议》第10条的规定进一步明确追溯征税的效力、期限、程序及限制等;(5)进一步明确规定反倾销案件在调查过程中的期限,各部门调查和做出初步裁定的期限,国务院关税税则委员会根据外贸部的建议做出是否同意征收(临时)反倾销税的期限,特殊情况下可以延长调查或做出裁定的阶段的规定,中止或终止反倾销调查的效力期限,复审和审查以及多征退税的期限等等。

Third, consummates our country instead dumping method suggestion
"Instead Dumps Rule" appearing, was complied with our country economy need to develop, after was our country joins WTO to carry on the revision gradually to our country law an aspect, was our country legislates a certificate which the technology enhanced unceasingly. Must say that, instead the dumping method formulation extremely has the significance. But, we also should see to, instead dumps the practice constrained by us not to be many, but also has other many realistic questions, promulgated newly instead dumps the law still to have very many insufficiencies. Conceivable, enters WTO along with our country, the opportunity which the foreign enterprise and our country each domain enterprise face-to-face engages in a contest increases unceasingly, we instead dump the law while to play its role also to be able to expose its insufficiency day by day. Therefore, the author believed, must positively begin instead the dumping method revision work. In the revision process, we may consider following several aspects:
1st, the enhancement instead dumps the law "the scale". As mentioned above, our country "Instead Dumps Rule" the administrative rules and regulations which promulgates for the State Council, this kind of administrative rules and regulations potency was inferior to after all the NPC and its Standing Committee promulgate law. Reflects this, unifies our country several to rebel dumps the investigation case the practice, in present "Rule" in the foundation, speeds up studies and formulates to promulgate by way of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress instead dumps the law, regarding promotes the our country instead dumping method unceasing consummation and the tendency stable, and with international connects rails extremely is all important.
2nd, necessary laws and regulations consummation. Our country except special appears instead to dump the rule, but also should consider to the laws and regulations between the mutual function and the influence relations. Our country to "Price method", "Counter- not Improper , "Foreign Trade law" and "about Punishment Low price Exportation Behavior Temporary provisions" and so on the law also must make the corresponding revision. For example, in "about Punishment Low price Exportation Behavior Temporary provisions" center must fully supplement dumps the product to the low price enterprise's legal liability and the sanction measure. Engages in factional strife mutually to the exportation enterprise, the low price competition procedure gives the strict sanction, by maintains the exportation order, the attack dumps the behavior. But when consummation "Price method", must adjust about the price regulation fund system stipulation. In the nation or a province formulation unified price regulation fund system stipulation, causes it to move towards , the standardized track gradually. (7)
3rd, causal relation and supplemental condition. GATT "in 1994 Instead Dumped Agreement" to and dumps with the harm between the causal relation adopts has enumerated the type and removes the procedure which the type unified, namely had to examine submits for the authority all correlations evidence, besides dumped the product abreast in row, at the same time creates the harm to the home industry other factors, like must dumping price exportation import product quantity and price, domestic demand reduction or expense pattern change and so on. These all are is worth in revising our country instead to dump in the law to give to profit from. But regarding supplemental condition, author then believed, the degree which the essential supplemental condition, such as to the national overall benefit consideration, the domestic consumer because this product is levied possibly instead dumps which the tax but to increase the burden and the home industry receives harms to compare and so on, is beneficial in: (1) increases in the related investigation authority actual operation the flexibility; (2) avoids because one-sidedly protecting some industrial department but to incur the national overall benefit, the foreign trade general situation as well as the general consumers benefit heavy loss; (3) is advantageous in our country strengthens the foreign trade economy negotiations, because levies instead dumps the method which the tax only, most first resisting dumps by no means. Certainly, right "the supplemental condition" must strictly perform to limit, by prevented the related investigation department is subjective at will, enhancement instead dumping method solemnity and authority.
4th, further is clear about with the standard instead dumps the investigation procedure. (1) explicitly stipulates "the applicant", "the State Council department concerned", "the formidable relational side" and so on the stipulation; (2) according to "Agreement" the stipulation, consummates our country instead to dump the reexamination and the examination system; (3) in the investigation procedure, the competent authority must to the litigant disclose the important fact, enable the litigant to have the full time to express the opinion, states the view, provides the correlation the material in order to greatest degree to guard own lawful right. This is the various countries stipulated, our country also so. But our country to what is "the important fact" has not made the explicit stipulation actually, our country instead dumps the law to be supposed to have the concrete operation standard regarding this. (4) refers to "Agreement" the 10th stipulation further explicitly to trace the taxation the potency, the deadline, the procedure and the limit and so on; (5) further explicitly stipulated instead dumps the case in investigation process deadline, various departments investigate the deadline which and makes rules initially, the State Council customs duty tariff regulation committee according to foreign trade department's suggestion make whether agreed levies (temporary) instead dumps the tax the deadline, in the peculiar circumstance may lengthen the stage stipulation which the investigation or makes rules, stops or the termination instead dumps the investigation the potency deadline, the reexamination and the examination as well as drafts tax reimbursement deadline and so on.