查人人中国名人网科学实验视频大全:请帮忙翻译以下文章，有急用
来源：百度文库 编辑：查人人中国名人网 时间：2024/04/30 08:58:44
DEVELOPMENT OF PHOPHORUS REMOVAL FROM MUNICIPAL
WASTEWATER
History of the phosphorus removal technologies
Due to the difficulties with biological treatment plants (designed for organic matter removalonly at that time) in the end of 19th century great effort was made on test then implementationof treatment technologies based on physical and chemical methods. Chemical precipitationwith the lime (Wardle 1893) then with the use of alum and iron salts (Wakeford 1911,Kershaw 1911) were introduced. These chemicals precipitated phosphorus unintentionally,besides presumed organic matter removal (expressed as the BOD).
However till 1950s phosphorus removal was recognised as the not important process and hadnot been investigated. During the World War II in the United States some tests werecompleted on chemical precipitation of phosphorus from wastewater but the main aim ofthese tests was to obtain a fertilizer for the agriculture in the period of dramatic shortage ofmineral phosphorus fertilizer constituents (apathites) usually imported from the North Africa(Sawyer 1944).
Investigation on the nature of the eutrophication process initiated in late 1940s (Rudolfs 1947,Lea et al. 1954) led to advanced (high effective) phosphorus removal technologies .Beginning from 1960s in Switzerland chemical precipitation had been implemented inoperation, it was performed by adding chemicals before primary clarifiers in conventionalbiological treatment plants (Stumm 1962, Boller 1987, 1993). Similar methods were appliedin Scandinavian countries where chemicals were added before primary clarifiers or directly to the activated sludge chamber (Balmer and Hultman 1988).
WASTEWATER
History of the phosphorus removal technologies
Due to the difficulties with biological treatment plants (designed for organic matter removalonly at that time) in the end of 19th century great effort was made on test then implementationof treatment technologies based on physical and chemical methods. Chemical precipitationwith the lime (Wardle 1893) then with the use of alum and iron salts (Wakeford 1911,Kershaw 1911) were introduced. These chemicals precipitated phosphorus unintentionally,besides presumed organic matter removal (expressed as the BOD).
However till 1950s phosphorus removal was recognised as the not important process and hadnot been investigated. During the World War II in the United States some tests werecompleted on chemical precipitation of phosphorus from wastewater but the main aim ofthese tests was to obtain a fertilizer for the agriculture in the period of dramatic shortage ofmineral phosphorus fertilizer constituents (apathites) usually imported from the North Africa(Sawyer 1944).
Investigation on the nature of the eutrophication process initiated in late 1940s (Rudolfs 1947,Lea et al. 1954) led to advanced (high effective) phosphorus removal technologies .Beginning from 1960s in Switzerland chemical precipitation had been implemented inoperation, it was performed by adding chemicals before primary clarifiers in conventionalbiological treatment plants (Stumm 1962, Boller 1987, 1993). Similar methods were appliedin Scandinavian countries where chemicals were added before primary clarifiers or directly to the activated sludge chamber (Balmer and Hultman 1988).
PHOPHORUS 移动的发展从市政的
废水
磷移动技术的历史
由于困难以生物学的治疗 19 世纪末大师努力的厂 (那时为有机的物质 removalonly 设计) 然后在测试上被订定基于身体检查和化学的方法 implementationof 治疗技术。 化学的 precipitationwith 石灰 (Wardle 1893) 然后以明矾和铁的使用盐 (Wakeford 1911,Kershaw 1911) 被介绍。 这些化学药品无心地使磷陷入了, 除假定有机的物质移动之外.(表示成泥团)
然而直到 1950 年代磷移动被辨认为那不重要的程序和 hadnot 被调查。 在第二次世界大战的时候在美国来自废水的在磷化学坠落上的一些测试 werecompleted 除了 ofthese 测试是为时期的戏剧性不足 ofmineral 磷肥料成份 (apathites) 的农业获得肥料的主要目标之外通常从非洲 (锯木匠 1944) 北部输入。
在 eutrophication 程序的性质上的调查在 1940 年代后期中开始 (鲁道夫 1947 世， Lea et al。 1954) 导致先进的 ( 高的有效) 磷移动技术。从 1960 年代起在瑞士开始化学的坠落已经被实现 inoperation, 它被藉由把化学药品在主要的澄清剂之前加入 conventionalbiological 治疗厂运行。 (Stumm 1962 ，圆蒴 1987,1993) 相似的方法是 appliedin 化学药品被把在主要的澄清剂之前或直接地加入被刺激的泥室 (香油和 Hultman 1988) 的北欧国家。
市政废水除磷技术的开发
...
太长...