鼋龟谚语:请教英语问题：表语和先行词分别是什么意思？谢谢

要我说我一时也说不清,举个例子了
This is the man who gave me the book
man 就是先行词,who 是关系代词，一般的关系代词前的词就是先行词，
又如：Thank you for the record that you gave me
record 是先行词,that 是关系代词，
表语常用于英语的主系表句式中（汉语中没有表语），是主语的一种说明，其意义或可替代主语，或是主语在某一方面的属性。
如：He is a student.
student就是表语。

表语看上去类似（或在汉语中被称为）宾语，但仅仅用于主系表结构。系词通常为be动词，也可以是一些其他含义的说明性动词，如look（看上去），sound（听上去）等。

： wswss11986 - 大魔导师 十二:你最头上在说些什么啊,那是德语吧,老大,别人要的是英语,不是德语耶!!!
不过后面就想摸象样了,后面的比我的详细,不过如果你是初学者的话,看我的比较容易懂,他的虽然详细,但是复杂,你会糊涂的

表语是说明主语身份，职业，性质，状态或特征的句子成分，它只能与 sein, werden,
bleiben, scheinen, heissen 这些联系动词连用：

可做表语的词类和形式

1- 名词或代词

Sie ist Krankenschwester.
她是护士。

Das ist es gerade!
正巧是这么回事儿。

2- 副词

Die Zeit ist um.
时间到了。

3- 形容词，分词，数词

Sie ist sehr schoen.
她好漂亮。

Durch Krankheit verhindert, musste der Saenger das Konzert verschieben.
由于生病，歌唱家只好将此音乐会改期。

4- 第二格和第四格名词

Er hat den ganzen Tag in der Fabrik gearbeitet.
他在工厂工作了一整天。

Eines Tages schlug ein Blitz in unser Haus ein.
一天，闪电打到我家的房子上。

5- 不定式短语

Statt dies mit Worten zu schildern, zeige ich dir Bilder.
如其用语言来描述，还不如我给你看图片。

1、先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.

2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.

3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.

4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.

5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.

6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.

二、物殊情况：

尽管有以上基本原则，但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况；

Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词，如 anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all， these ，those等时,用who而不用that
Those who break the rule are pulished.
Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake.

Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人，引导词只用That,如:
a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate ?
b.Which of you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word?

Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:
1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，
This is the best composition that has been written in English.
2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时
There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.
3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时
I’ve read all the books that you gave me.
4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时
This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday.
5、有两个以上先行词，分别表示人或物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
6、先行词为基数时
Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water.

Ⅳ.time为先行词时，前边如有序数词修饰时，定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用，如没序数词修饰时，用when或that均可
a.This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.

先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.

2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.

3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.

4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.

5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.

6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.

表语只是跟在be动词后，实际上就是至于的补语，和宾语差不多，英语把be动词后的宾语单列出来就成了表语。
现行词是在定语从句中，从句所修饰的名词或代词就称为先行词

这是句子成份的问题
表语:是表明主语的身份,性质性质(如密度\性质\身分....)是要同连系动词一起构成"系表结构"例如:
He is a teacher.teacher就是一个表语,说明he是一位teacher.
It looks nice.天气很好啊!nice就是来表示天气it 的情况!!
先行词:是在定语从句中,被定语从句所修饰的名词.例如:
He is a teacher who teach our English.在这里定词从句who teach our English是来修饰前面的名词teacher.所以teacher就是一个先行词.