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来源:百度文库 编辑:查人人中国名人网 时间:2024/04/30 07:57:31
古老的埃及文明在历经这3000年的风雨后,于公元前332年遭受了前所未有的劫难,随着亚历山大大帝对埃及疆域的征服埃及法老的政治生命也就此结束。法老时代创造的辉煌的文化也急剧的衰落。古埃及多神崇拜的信仰在基督教和公元7世纪左右的伊斯兰教的冲击下,也失去了生命力,留给后人的只是无数无法毁灭的一座座神殿和石头遗址。培植于象形文字和多神崇拜信仰之上的古埃及文化也趋与死亡。埃及不再是一个世界文明发展的中心,如同孟菲斯古城在中王国时期被底比斯取代一样,一度作为东西方交流中心的亚历山大城,也被君士坦丁堡所取代。在希腊罗马文明和伊斯兰文明的先后冲击下,埃及文明彻底的失落的。留在尼罗河畔的是时间也为只叹息的金字塔,神庙遗址,以及埋藏黄砂中的古文物。
但是,古埃及文明对世界的影响确实永恒的。它象形文字虽然失去了生命力,但是类似于字母的二十四个单音符号,对西亚腓尼基人创造字母文字产生了不可替代的影响,而腓尼基字母又是东西方多种字母文字之源。古希腊时期泰利斯等经典作家,曾怀着了解东方先进文化的强烈兴趣来到埃及,通过他们的介绍,埃及古文明被大量传到希腊和西亚,并在那里得到了进一步的发展。古埃及人创作出的许多神话传说和神的形象,在希腊罗马统治时期越出了国境,进入地中海沿岸和欧洲大陆,尤其在古希腊神话中常常能见到它们的影子。基督教中著名的圣母玛利亚怀抱耶稣的形象就源自与伊西斯女神怀抱荷拉斯的刻画。西方文化中对天堂、地狱的构思,以及人临终前的祷告和忏悔的习俗,也有人认为是受到了古埃及宗教文化的影响。
古埃及的医学遗产对后世的影响更为深远。欧洲和西亚地区的大众医学都源于古埃及,且长期保留了古埃及的医学形式。在希腊罗马的一些名医著作中,不少药物名称来自埃及,甚至还保留着古埃及人赋予它们的属性和传说。古埃及药方的书写方式,包括医学纸草文献的套话和书尾题记,希腊人都全盘引进。在拉丁、阿拉伯、叙利亚,以及直到中世纪以后的西欧医书中,古埃及的影响都是显而易见的。
在建筑,手工生产和科技领域,古埃及文明对世界其他民族或多或少地产生了影响。
因此,从古埃及对世界文明发展的影响而言,它是永恒的。是“失落”中的永生。正因为如此,对埃及古文明的研究才会在世界范围内不时掀起阵阵热潮,有关埃及文明的书籍才会层出不穷,成为世界古文明研究书籍中最丰富的部分。

The ancient Egyptian civilization after has been through repeatedly this 3000 wind and rain, has suffered the unprecedented disaster in 332 B.C., conquers the Egyptian pharaoh's political survival along with the Alexander big emperor to the Egyptian area also in light of this to finish. Pharaoh time creation magnificent cultural also sudden decline. Ancient Egyptian multi- gods worship belief about Christianity and under A.D. 7 centuries Islamism impact, also has lost the vitality, keeps a place temple and stone ruins which only is innumerable is unable for the posterity to destroy. The cultivation also hastens above the glyph and the multi- gods worship belief ancient Egyptian culture with the death. Egypt no longer is a world civilization development center, is similar to the Memphis old city to substitute in the center kingdom time by bottom Beese is same, takes the East and West exchange center the Alexander city, also is substituted by Constantinople. In the Greek Rome civilization and under the Islam civilization successively impact, the Egyptian civilization thorough loses. Keeps the Nero river bank is the time also for pyramid which only sighs, the temple ruins, as well as buries in the yellow sand the ancient cultural relic. But, ancient Egyptian civilization to world influence truly eternal. Its glyph although has lost the vitality, but is similar to the letter 24 tones mark, created the alphabetic script to the west Asia Phoenicia people to have the influence which could not be substituted, but the Phoenician alphabet also was source of the East and West many kinds of alphabetic script. Ancient Greek time peaceful Lees and so on the classical writer, once cherished was understanding the Eastern advanced culture the strong interest arrived Egypt, through theirs introduction, the Egyptian ancient civilization is massively passed to Greece and west Asia, and obtained the further development in there. The ancient Egyptian creates many myths fables and the god image, has exceeded the border in the Greek Rome rule time, enters the Mediterranean Sea coast and the Europe continent, especially frequently can see their shadow in the ancient Greek mythology. In Christianity renowned Mary Mary embraces Jesus's image from to embrace the Dutch Russ's portray on the source with 伊西the Si goddess. In western culture to heaven, hell idea, as well as person just before the end front prayer with confession custom, also some people thought has come under the ancient Egyptian religion culture influence. The ancient Egypt's medical heritage the influence is profounder to the later generation. European and the west Asia area populace medicine all source to ancient Egypt, also retained the ancient Egypt's medicine form for a long time. In in the Greek Rome's some famous doctor works, many medicines name comes from Egypt, even also retains the ancient Egyptian to entrust with their attribute and the fable. The ancient Egyptian formula written way, including the medicine paper grass literature polite talk and the end of a book prefatory remarks, the Greek all overall introduces. In Latin, Arab, Syria, as well as until in the middle ages later Western Europe medical book, the ancient Egypt's influence all will be obvious. Is constructing, the manual production and the technical domain, the ancient Egyptian civilization more or less has had the influence to the world other nationalities. Therefore, from ancient Egypt speaking of the world civilization development influence, it is the eternal. Is "loses" the center eternal life. Because of this, only then can often raise the intermittent upsurge to the Egyptian ancient civilization research in the world scope, concerns the Egyptian civilization the books only then to be able to emerge one after another incessantly, becomes in the world ancient civilization research books the richest part.

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The ancient Egyptian civilization after has been through repeatedly this 3000 wind and rain, has suffered the unprecedented disaster in 332 B.C., conquers the Egyptian pharaoh's political survival along with the Alexander big emperor to the Egyptian area also in light of this to finish. Pharaoh time creation magnificent cultural also sudden decline. Ancient Egyptian multi- gods worship belief about Christianity and under A.D. 7 centuries Islamism impact, also has lost the vitality, keeps a place temple and stone ruins which only is innumerable is unable for the posterity to destroy. The cultivation also hastens above the glyph and the multi- gods worship belief ancient Egyptian culture with the death. Egypt no longer is a world civilization development center, is similar to the Memphis old city to substitute in the center kingdom time by bottom Beese is same, takes the East and West exchange center the Alexander city, also is substituted by Constantinople. In the Greek Rome civilization and under the Islam civilization successively impact, the Egyptian civilization thorough loses. Keeps the Nero river bank is the time also for pyramid which only sighs, the temple ruins, as well as buries in the yellow sand the ancient cultural relic. But, ancient Egyptian civilization to world influence truly eternal. Its glyph although has lost the vitality, but is similar to the letter 24 tones mark, created the alphabetic script to the west Asia Phoenicia people to have the influence which could not be substituted, but the Phoenician alphabet also was source of the East and West many kinds of alphabetic script. Ancient Greek time peaceful Lees and so on the classical writer, once cherished was understanding the Eastern advanced culture the strong interest arrived Egypt, through theirs introduction, the Egyptian ancient civilization is massively passed to Greece and west Asia, and obtained the further development in there. The ancient Egyptian creates many myths fables and the god image, has exceeded the border in the Greek Rome rule time, enters the Mediterranean Sea coast and the Europe continent, especially frequently can see their shadow in the ancient Greek mythology. In Christianity renowned Mary Mary embraces Jesus's image from to embrace the Dutch Russ's portray on the source with 伊西the Si goddess. In western culture to heaven, hell idea, as well as person just before the end front prayer with confession custom, also some people thought has come under the ancient Egyptian religion culture influence. The ancient Egypt's medical heritage the influence is profounder to the later generation. European and the west Asia area populace medicine all source to ancient Egypt, also retained the ancient Egypt's medicine form for a long time. In in the Greek Rome's some famous doctor works, many medicines name comes from Egypt, even also retains the ancient Egyptian to entrust with their attribute and the fable. The ancient Egyptian formula written way, including the medicine paper grass literature polite talk and the end of a book prefatory remarks, the Greek all overall introduces. In Latin, Arab, Syria, as well as until in the middle ages later Western Europe medical book, the ancient Egypt's influence all will be obvious. Is constructing, the manual production and the technical domain, the ancient Egyptian civilization more or less has had the influence to the world other nationalities. Therefore, from ancient Egypt speaking of the world civilization development influence, it is the eternal. Is "loses" the center eternal life. Because of this, only then can often raise the intermittent upsurge to the Egyptian ancient civilization research in the world scope, concerns the Egyptian civilization the books only then to be able to emerge one after another incessantly, becomes in the world ancient civilization research books the richest part.

Ancient Egyptian civilization, after this stormy 3000, in 332 BC, was subjected to unprecedented catastrophe, as Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt, Pharaoh of Egypt boundaries of the political life came to an end. Pharaoh era created brilliant culture sharp decline. Ancient Egyptian worship of many faiths in the Christian God and the seventh century ad about the impact of Islam, but also lost vitality for the future generations can not only destroy countless temples and stone monuments, one by one. Nursing worship God in hieroglyphs and multi-faith-based culture of ancient Egypt with more death. Egypt is no longer a center for the development of world civilization, as the ancient city of Memphis was in the period of the Kingdom of Thebes replace, once as a clearinghouse for the East-West Alexandria City, was Constantinople replaced. In Greco-Roman civilization and the Islamic civilization has shocks, the Egyptian civilization completely lost. Remain in the Nile River is time for only sigh pyramid, temple ruins and the ancient relics buried Huangsha. However, the ancient Egyptian civilization impact on the world is eternal. Although it hieroglyphs lost vitality, but similar to the letters of 24 single symbols, letters written to West Asia had the Phoenicians create irreplaceable impact of the Phoenician alphabet is the source of the Eastern and Western worlds multiple alphabet letter. Tailisi classical period of ancient Greece, has advanced culture with a strong interest in understanding the East came to Egypt, through their presentations, ancient Egypt was a civilization of Greece and West Asia reached, and there has been further development. The ancient Egyptians create the image of God and many myths and legends in the Greco-Roman period beyond the borders rule into the Mediterranean and the European continent, especially in the ancient Greek myth can often see their shadow. Christianity, the Virgin Mary Mara famous embrace on the image of Jesus from the king and Helasi embrace goddess Isis. Western culture to heaven or hell idea, and people Immediately before the prayers and repent practices, it was also considered by the ancient Egyptian religious culture. Ancient Egyptian medical heritage to future generations of the more far-reaching. Europe and West Asia region is derived from ancient Egyptian public medical and long-term retention of the ancient Egyptian medical form. Some doctors in the Greco-Roman writings, many drug names from Egypt, and even the ancient Egyptians to retain their identity and legend. Ancient Egypt prescription writing, including paper for the medical literature and are easily and at the end of the book, the Greeks have an introduction. In Latin, Arab, Syrian, and the Western medical books until after the Middle Ages, Ancient Egypt effects are obvious. In the construction, artisanal production and the field of science and technology, ancient Egyptian civilization in the world other nations more or less affected. Therefore, the ancient Egyptian civilization in the world in terms of development impact, it is eternal. Is "lost" in the home. That is why the ancient civilization of Egypt would study from time to time in a worldwide upsurge again, the books will be an Egyptian civilization, the ancient civilizations of the world become the richest part of the study books