高中起点升本 专科:您能给我详细讲解宾语从句吗？

宾语从句
一 定义 :在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.
二 种类 :
1 由that引导的宾语从句－－－当从句是陈述句时，用that引导宾语从句．在口语和非正式文体中，that可以省略
I know ( that ) you like English .
He told me ( that ) he would go there next week .
2 由whether / if 引导的宾语从句－－－当从句是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，用whether / if引导宾语从句,并且要把疑问的语序变为陈述的语序．一般情况下，whether / if可以替换．但下面四种情况，只能用whether引导宾语从句．
He asked me whether / if I liked my job .
I want to know whether / if you'll come to the party .

(A)当句子中出现 or not 时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
I want to know whether or not youlike me .
I want to know whether you like me or not .

(B)当主句的谓语动词是由”动词＋介词”构成的短语时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
They're talking about whether they'll go there.

(C)当宾语从句为了起强调作用，放在句首时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
Whether you like me , I want to know .

(D)当 if 容易引起歧义时，必须用whether引导宾语从句

Please let me know if youlike it .
(宾语从句 ， if =”是否”）

Please let me know if you like it .
（条件状语从句, if = ”如果”）

3 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句－－－当从句是特殊疑问句时，要用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，并且要把疑问的语序变为陈述的语序．
He asked them why they hadn't finished their homework .
4 由形容词引导的宾语从句－－－ 当主句的谓语动词是由”be+形容词”构成的系表结构做谓语时，用形容词引导宾语从句
I am sorry ( that )I am late .
He is very glad ( that ) you'll help him .

-- 作者：靓洋洋
-- 发布时间：2005-2-17 10:55:00

-- 宾语从句
宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。

1、连接词
1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。

eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.

2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if 常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether.
①介词后的宾语从句：I\'m thinking of whether he\'ll come.
②与or not连用：I don\'t know whether I should go or not.
3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。
eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?

2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this.
(2).I don\'t know what\'s the matter with Bob?
(3).I don\'t know what\'s wrong with them?

3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.
②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.
③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?

如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.

注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。
eg. I don’t think that English is easy.
I think that English is not easy. ( 误)

宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。

宾语从句：及物动词

Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.

谁都知道钱不是长在树上。

Do you know where I can find her?

你知道在什么地方可以找到她？

Have you decided where you will go for a holiday?

你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？

宾语从句：短语动词

Please go and find out when the train will arrive.

请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。

The teacher pointed out that Tom hadn't studied hard enough.

老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。

That depends on how you do it.

那得看你怎么做的。

宾语从句：介词的宾语

I am curious as to what they are going to do next.

我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。

The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.

这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。

I am interested in what she is doing.

我对她做的事感兴趣。

宾语从句：介词的宾语

I am curious as to what they are going to do next.

我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。

The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.

这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。

I am interested in what she is doing.

我对她做的事感兴趣。

宾语从句：否定的转移

有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。

I don't suppose you're used to this diet.

= I suppose you aren't used to this diet.

我想你不习惯这种饮食。

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I don't imagine she will win the championship.

= I imagine she won't win the championship.

我认为她得不了冠军。

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I didn't expect she would pass the entrance examination.

I expected she wouldn't pass the entrance examination.

我以为她不能通过入学考试。

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以下括号内的句子比较不自然，但是也是可能出现的。

I don't think we have got enough time.

(= I think we haven't got enough time.)

我觉得我们的时间不够。

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I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.

(= I believe she won't arrive before 8.)

我相信她8点之前不会到。