医院防护用品包括哪些:三克镭 (1)勇于实践的人指什么人?举个例子(教师介绍居里夫人) 三克镭 (1)勇于实践的人指什么人

居里夫人即玛丽居里（Marie Curie），是一位原籍为波兰的法国科学家。她与她的丈夫皮埃尔居里(Pierre Curie)都是放射性的早期研究者，他们发现了放射性元素钋(Po)和镭(Ra)，并因此与法国物理学家亨利。贝克勒尔(Henry Becquerel)分享了1903年诺贝尔物理学奖。之后，居里夫人继续研究了镭在在化学和医学上的应用，并且因分离出纯的金属镭而又获得1911年诺贝尔化学奖。

镭
镭，原子序数88，原子量2260254，是一种天然放射性元素，元素名来源于拉丁文，原意是“射线”。1898年居里夫妇从沥青铀矿矿渣中发现了镭，1902年分离出90毫克氯化镭，初步测定了镭的原子量。镭在自然界分布很广，但含量极微，地壳中的含量为十亿分之一，总量约1800万吨。现已发现质量数为206～230的镭的全部同位素，其中只有镭223、224、226、228是天然放射性同位素，其余都是通过人工核反应合成的。镭226半衰期最长，天然丰度最大，是镭的最重要的同位素。
镭是银白色有光泽的金属，熔点700°C，沸点1140°C，密度约5克/厘米³，体心立方晶格。镭的化学性质活泼，与钡相似。金属镭暴露在空气中能迅速反应，生成氧化物和氮化物；能与水反应生成氢氧化镭；新制备的镭盐呈白色，放置后因受辐照而变色。
镭是现代核工业兴起前最重要的放射性物质,广泛应用于医疗、工业和科研领域；把镭盐和硫化锌荧光粉混匀,可制成永久性发光粉。到1975年为止，全世界共生产了约4千克镭，其中85%用于医疗，10%用来制造发光粉。镭是剧毒物质

居里夫人
Born Marja Sklodowska, Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867. Her father taught high school physics. In 1891 she went to Paris (where she changed her name to Marie) and enrolled in the Sorbonne. Two years later she passed the examination for her degree in physics, ranking in first place. She met Pierre Curie in 1894, and they married in 1895. Marie Curie was interested in the recent discoveries of radiation. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen had discovered X rays in 1895, and in 1896 Antoine Henri Becquerel had discovered that the element uranium gives off similar invisible radiations. Curie thus began studying uranium radiations, and, using piezoelectric techniques devised by her husband, carefully measured the radiations in pitchblende, an ore containing uranium. When she found that the radiations from the ore were more intense than those from uranium itself, she realized that unknown elements, even more radioactive than uranium, must be present. Marie Curie was the first to use the term radioactive to describe elements that give off radiations as their nuclei break down