索尼中国招聘:什么是英语的复合结构

来源:百度文库 编辑:查人人中国名人网 时间:2024/05/06 00:23:24

动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构是:“物主代词或名词所有格+动名词”这里的物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑上的主语。这种结构通常在句中作主和宾语。如: Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry. 玛丽迟到使她的老师很生气。 Do you mind my smoking? 我可以抽烟吗? 在这种结构,除作主语外,其他不常用物主代词而用人称代词宾格,不用名词所有格而用没有词形变化的的名词。如: I am sure of his coming on time. 我相信我他会准时来的。 He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. 他从来没有听说过女人当飞行员。

with的复合结构

该结构由“名词(代词)+分词(不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语)”构成,在句中作状语或定语,因而可以将其改为具有相应语法功能的句子。

1. 作方式或伴随状语(位于句末)。如:

Don”t talk with your mouth full.

满满一嘴东西不要讲话。

The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.

老师走进教室,手里拿着一本书。

(= The teacher entered the classroom and she had a book in her hand. )

2. 作时间状语(位于句首或句末)。如:

With his homework finished, he went to see a film.

做完作业后他去看电影了。

(= After his work was finished, he went to see a film. )

The room is very bright with all the lights on.

所有的灯都打开,教室里非常明亮。

3. 作原因状语(位于句首或句末)。如:

I can”t go out, with a lot of homework to do.

我不能出去,因为有很多作业要做。

(= I can”t go out because of a lot of homework to do. )

4. 用作条件状语(位于句首)。如:

With Mary to help me, I can do it better.

假如玛丽帮我的话,我能做得更好。

(= If Mary helps me, I can do it better. )

With time permitting, we”ll visit the Great Wall.

假如时间允许的话,我们将游览长城。

(= If times permits, we”ll visit the Great Wall. )

5. 用作定语(位于被修饰词后)。如:

There were rows of white houses, with trees in front of them.

那里有成排的白色房屋,前面有树。

I like to live in the house with its windows facing the sea.

我喜欢住在窗户面向大海的房子里。

With的复合结构作独立主格

表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.

典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.

注意:

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可