查人人中国名人网飞机工作原理:拜托能人帮我----汉译英
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工业设计师在进行产品的造型设计时，所采用的方法一种是正向设计法，这是一个从概念设计起步到CAD建模、数控编程、数控加工的过程，如图1所示。这一设计过程难度系数大、周期较长、成本高、不利于产品的研制开发。
产品造型设计的正向设计流程示意：概念设计 → CAD/CAM系统 → 制造系统 → 新产品
l 产品逆向设计的产生与应用
在飞机、汽车、工艺美术品和模具等行业的设计和制造中，通常是由复杂的自由曲面拼接而成，因此在概念设计阶段难以用严密、统一的数学语言来描述。这些产品的初始模型是通过对事先制造出的木制或泥制模型来实现数字化产生的。近年来在产品造型设计中逐渐走向成熟形成逆向设计法。
由于产品造型的逆向设计有起点高、成本低、周期短、易改型、易创新的特性，自出现以来便受到了现代工业设计师的关注。目前该技术在下面几方面得到了广泛应用：a．用于汽车、摩托车等具有较复杂曲面外型产品的修复与改型设计中；b．用于设计与制造个性化的产品，如人体拟合、太空服装设计、假肢设计等；c．根据客户样件进行模具设计时，该项技术可使自动化程度大大提高；d．在样件缺少图形文件时，可用逆向设计来生成图形文件：e.在快速原形制造中逆向设计可实现原形产品的快速准确建模并进行重新设计。
2 产品逆向设计的过程及其关键问题
产品的逆向设计是指设计师对产品实物样件表面进行数字化处理(数据采集、数据处理)，并利用可实现逆向三维造型设计的软件来重新构造实物的CAD模型(曲面模型重构)，并进一步用CAD/CAE／CAM系统实现分析、再设计、数控编程、数控加工的过程。
逆向设计的流程示意：
产品样件 → 数据采集 → 数据处理CAD/CAE/CAM系统 → 模型重构 → 制造系统 → 新产品
在逆向设计中数据采集、数据处理、模型重构是产品造型设计逆向设计的三大关键环节。
数据采集(样件的表面数字化)是进行产品逆向设计的第一步。一般而言。数据采集可由接触式与非接触式两种来实现。接触式方法由于对物体的表面的颜色和光照没有要求。因此物体边界的测量相对精确，但对软质材料适应差且速度慢；而非接触式方式(以激光为媒介的非接触三维表面数据采集法)在采集实物模型的表面资料时，采集速度快，可形成“点云”资料，缺点是精度较低而且对样件表面和光照有较高的要求。
数据处理的结果将影响模型重构的质量。在此阶段一般应进行数据预处理、数据分块、数据光顺、三角化、数据优化、多视拼合、噪声滤波、拓扑建立、特征提取等工作。
模型重构方案目前主要有三种：1)以B-Spline或NURBS曲面为基础的曲面构造法；2)以三角Bezier曲面片为基础的曲面构造法；3)以多面体面片为基础的曲面构造法。
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The reverse design method research products
Industrial designers in product design lifetime, a method used in France is being designed, it is a start from the conceptual design to CAD modelling, digital programming, digital processing process, as shown in figure 1. The design process is a factor, a longer cycle, high cost, is not conducive to the research and development of products.
Products shaped design is the design flow so : conceptual design "CAD/CAM系统" manufacturing systems, "new products
L products reverse the generation and application of design
In aircraft, cars, art and craft industries in the design and manufacture of dies, usually by complex combinations from the camber and therefore difficult to use in the conceptual design phase tight, unified mathematical language to describe. These products prior to the initial model was created through the wood or mud-generated digital models to achieve. In recent years, in product design, shape gradually matured into reverse design law.
As products are designed in the shape of a reverse high starting point, low-cost, cycle short, easy retrofit, Yi innovative character has been received since the emergence of modern industrial designers concern. At present the technology in the following areas have been widely applied : a. For cars, motorbikes and other products with more complex curved surface appearance rehabilitation and retrofit design ;b. For the design and manufacture of personalized products, such as human goodness, space clothing design, prosthetic design ;c. Under a plea customers sample design, the technology can greatly enhance ;d degree of automation. In the sample of graphics document, available to reverse generated graphics design document : e. Rapid prototype design in the manufacture of reverse achievable prototype products fast and accurate modelling and redesign.
2 product design process and reverse the key issues
Product design refers to reverse designer products in the sample surface digital processing (data collection, data processing), and reverse can be achieved using 3D modelling software designed to re-constructed in the CAD models (toroidal model seen), and further to achieve CAD/CAE/CAM systems analysis, re-engineering, digital programming, digital processing process.
Reverse design flow so :
Product sample "data collection" CAD/CAE/CAM data processing systems "model modern" manufacturing systems, "new products
In reverse design data collection, data processing, modern models reverse design is the design of the three products form a crucial link.
Data collection (sample surface digital) products reverse design is the first step. Generally. Data collection can contact type and non-contact type for both. As a way to contact the surface colour and illumination objects not. Therefore relatively precise measurements of objects border, but the quality of soft material to poor and slow; Rather than contact-type approach (to the non-contact laser media for 3D surface data collection France) in collecting information in the model surface, gathering speed, a "point cloud" data deficiency is the kind of precision and lower surface and a higher illumination.
Data processing results will be seen in the quality of impact models. At this stage, it is generally necessary to conduct data processing, data blocks, data-ray Shun, 1.30, and data optimization, multi-subject option, noise filtering, order creation, extraction, and other features.
There are three major models currently restructuring programme : 1) to B-Spline or NURBS based camber camber Construction Law ;2) to 1.30 Bezier camber films based camber Construction Law ;3) polyhedron surface films based toroidal construction law.
The reverse design method research products
Industrial designers in product design lifetime, a method used in France is being designed, it is a start from the conceptual design to CAD modelling, digital programming, digital processing process, as shown in figure 1. The design process is a factor, a longer cycle, high cost, is not conducive to the research and development of products.
Products shaped design is the design flow so : conceptual design "CAD/CAM系统" manufacturing systems, "new products
L products reverse the generation and application of design
In aircraft, cars, art and craft industries in the design and manufacture of dies, usually by complex combinations from the camber and therefore difficult to use in the conceptual design phase tight, unified mathematical language to describe. These products prior to the initial model was created through the wood or mud-generated digital models to achieve. In recent years, in product design, shape gradually matured into reverse design law.
As products are designed in the shape of a reverse high starting point, low-cost, cycle short, easy retrofit, Yi innovative character has been received since the emergence of modern industrial designers concern. At present the technology in the following areas have been widely applied : a. For cars, motorbikes and other products with more complex curved surface appearance rehabilitation and retrofit design ;b. For the design and manufacture of personalized products, such as human goodness, space clothing design, prosthetic design ;c. Under a plea customers sample design, the technology can greatly enhance ;d degree of automation. In the sample of graphics document, available to reverse generated graphics design document : e. Rapid prototype design in the manufacture of reverse achievable prototype products fast and accurate modelling and redesign.
2 product design process and reverse the key issues
Product design refers to reverse designer products in the sample surface digital processing (data collection, data processing), and reverse can be achieved using 3D modelling software designed to re-constructed in the CAD models (toroidal model seen), and further to achieve CAD/CAE/CAM systems analysis, re-engineering, digital programming, digital processing process.
Reverse design flow so :
Product sample "data collection" CAD/CAE/CAM data processing systems "model modern" manufacturing systems, "new products
In reverse design data collection, data processing, modern models reverse design is the design of the three products form a crucial link.
Data collection (sample surface digital) products reverse design is the first step. Generally. Data collection can contact type and non-contact type for both. As a way to contact the surface colour and illumination objects not. Therefore relatively precise measurements of objects border, but the quality of soft material to poor and slow; Rather than contact-type approach (to the non-contact laser media for 3D surface data collection France) in collecting information in the model surface, gathering speed, a "point cloud" data deficiency is the kind of precision and lower surface and a higher illumination.
Data processing results will be seen in the quality of impact models. At this stage, it is generally necessary to conduct data processing, data blocks, data-ray Shun, 1.30, and data optimization, multi-subject option, noise filtering, order creation, extraction, and other features.
There are three major models currently restructuring programme : 1) to B-Spline or NURBS based camber camber Construction Law ;2) to 1.30 Bezier camber films based camber Construction Law ;3) polyhedron surface films based toroidal construction law
这么多字就这么点悬赏……