巴黎不得不住的酒店:初中英语各个用词法及时态与语法！！急需！！!

1．一般现在时：
(1)表示客观真理，科学事实，格言或其他不受时间限制的客观存在。
eg: The earth moves around the sun.
(2)表示现在经常或习惯性的动作
eg: She speaks very good English.
I get up at 12:00 every day.
(3)表示事先已经计划安排的将要发生的动作或状态，主要用于come, go, start, begin, leave等动词。
eg: The new TV play begins at 20:00 tonight.
The train leaves early in the morning.
(4)在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，代替将来时。民间称为“主将从现”
eg: I will pick you up if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
2.一般过去时:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态.
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成.常跟有过去的时间状语,或是一个从句.一般过去时表示的动作或状态可能只限于一次,也可能是经常性的.
eg: We bought the present yesterday.
At that time she spoke very good English.
He came to the library twice a week.
例题1. On Saturday afternoon, M rs Green went to the market, ____ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
例题2. -Nancy is not coming tonight.
-But she ____ !
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
3.一般将来时:表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或所处的状态.构成方式有下面几种.
(1) will 或 shall 加动词原形.为普通用法.
(2)be going to表示事先经过考虑,打算去做的事或有时显迹像要发生的事.它可用于条件状语从句表示将来,而will不能.
eg: What are you going to do tonight?
(3)be to do 表示职责,义务,意图,或注定要发生的事.
eg: All men are to die.
(4)be about to do 表示 “不久就要”.不能和表示将来的时间状语连用.
eg:I was just about to leave when the telephone rang.

4.过去将来时:表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或要存在的状态,多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中.
eg:He thought he would be able to lock the door before the animal reached it.

5.现在进行时:表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生情况. 由am, is, are加上动词的现在分词构成.
eg: I am studying English these days.
He is always telling lies.
例题1: I don’t really work here, I ____ until the new sceretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
注意: (1)现在进行时有时表示一个按计划安排即将发生的动作,但仅适用于少数瞬间动词.
eg: He is coming to see you tomorrow.
(2)现在进行时与always, constantly, forever 等连用,可用来代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感情,常表示令人不悦的情况.
eg: He is always asking for money.
6.过去进行时:
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常要有时间状语，时间状语从句或从上下文来表示。
eg: She was writing a composition when I entered.
(2)与过去某一段时间的状语连用，说明在过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
eg: They were quarrelling the whole time they were together.
7.现在完成时：
(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的状语有 already, yet, just, recently等。
eg: My father has just come back from work.
(2)表示动作在过去已经开始，一直延续到现在，刚刚结束或可能还要继续下去，往往同表示一段时间的状语连用，它们或由since, for引出，或表示与现在时刻相连的短语 up to now, so far, 或 all day, during/in the past two weeks.
eg: He has studies German for three years.
8.过去完成时
(1)表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文。
eg: By the end of last term we had read five English books.
I had finished my homework before father came back.
注意：1关于此时态，不同参考书中有不同的解释，但同学们只要记住是过去的过去，而这种过去的过去是形式上的，而非意义上的。即句中一定有一个过去时，表示在这个时间之前做完的动作，就用过去完成时。
2．动词hope, think, expect, intend, mean, want等，用在过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或打算。
eg: We had hoped to be able to come and see you.