陆天智:详细解释一下虚拟条件句

虚拟条件句
1与现在事实相反，从句谓语用动词过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should(would,could,might) do
2与将来事实相反：从句谓语可用动词过去式，should do动词原形或者用were to do；主句谓语形式也是用should(would,could,might) do
3，与过去相反的事实，从句中用had done；主句谓语是由should(would,could,might) have done
例句上面有，不再赘述
分词独立主格结构
（一） 独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。

（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
下面是几个例句
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, .........
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow=If weather permits, ........
He came into the room, his ears red with cold

对于虚拟语气可划分为三种：对现在、过去、将来
现在：过去式(v+ed)
过去：过去完成时(had done)
将来：were to do
但需要注意表真理时用一般现在时！
这是我懂得的一点点知识了！

虚拟条件句
定义:在一个与事实相反的条件的基础之上所得出的应该的亦或是可能的结论.
虚拟条件句的结构:与事实相反类(条件)+ 应该类(结论)
这两个部分没有必然而直接的联系,在解题时先看结论再看条件.
If Mr. Wang hadn't cultivated me, I shouldn't be working now.
同义词辨析:tame 驯化
breed 繁殖
raise 抚养
cultivate 培养
结论部分:would/ could/ should/ might + 虚拟
规律:如果把空格划在条件部分,一定要选择 were to;
如果把空格划在结论部分,有could/ would/ should/ might +have +v.-ed 为正确答案.
有时一些介词也可以表示条件:In your position I would kill myself. = If I were in your position...
此类词有:otherwise/ but for/ without/ with
虚拟语气中 If 可以省略,但是句序要变,If I were you... 改为Were I you...

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

1,与现在事实相反：从句谓语用动词过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should(would,could,might)加动词原形。
例如：If I were you,I shouldn't do that
如果我是你，我 就不干那件事
2，与将来事实相反：从句谓语可用动词过去式，should加动词原形或者用were to 加动词原形；主句谓语形式也是用should等助动词加上动词原形。
例如：If it should rain,the crops would be saved.
如果下雨，庄稼就得救了
3，与过去相反的事实，条件从句中用had加过去分词；主句谓语是由should等助动词加have的过去分词组成。
例如：If he had seen you yesterday,he would have askde you about it
如果他昨天看见你了，他就会向你问这件事了

1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
真实条件句
用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。

时态关系
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：
1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.

b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c. 表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
混和条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.