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Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1827), English
Romantic poet who rebelled against English
politics and conservative values. Shelley drew no
essential distinction between poetry and
politics, and his work reflected the radical
ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era.

Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792,
at Field Place, near Horsham in Sussex, into an
aristocratic family. His father, Timothy Shelley,
was a Sussex squire and a member of Parliament.
Shelley attended Syon House Academy and Eton and
in 1810 he entered the Oxford University College.

In 1811 Shelley was expelled from the college for
publishing The Necessity Of Atheism, which he
wrote with Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Shelley's
father withdrew his inheritance in favor of a
small annuity, after he eloped with the 16-year
old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London
tavern owner. The pair spent the following two
years traveling in England and Ireland,
distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice. In 1813 Shelley published
his first important poem, the atheistic Queen
Mab.

The poet's marriage to Harriet was a failure. In
1814 Shelley traveled abroad with Mary
Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of the
philosopher and anarchist William Godwin (1756-1836). Mary's young stepsister Claire Clairmont
was also in the company. During this journey Shelley wrote an unfinished novella, The
Assassins (1814). Their combined journal, Six
Weeks' Tour, reworked by Mary Shelley, appeared in 1817. After their return to London, Shelley
came into an annual income under his
grandfather's will. Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine in 1816. Shelley married Mary
Wollstonecraft and his favorite son William was born in 1816.

Shelley spent the summer of 1816 with Lord Byron
at Lake Geneva, where Byron had an affair with Claire. Shelley composed the "Hymn To Intellectual Beauty" and "Mont Blanc". In 1817
Shelley published The Revolt Of Islam and the
much anthologized "Ozymandias" appeared in 1818.
Among Shelley's popular poems are the Odes "To
the West Wind" and "To a Skylark" and Adonais, an
elegy for Keats.

In 1818 the Shelleys moved to Italy, where Byron
was residing. In 1819 they went to Rome and in
1820 to Pisa. Shelley's works from this period
include Julian And Maddalo, an exploration of his
relations with Byron and Prometheus Unbound, a
lyrical drama. The Cenci was a five-act tragedy based on the history of a 16th-century Roman
family, and The Mask Of Anarchy was a political
protest which was written after the Peterloo massacre. In 1822 the Shelley household moved to
the Bay of Lerici. There Shelley began to write The Triumph Of Life.

To welcome his friend Leigh Hunt, he sailed to
Leghorn. During the stormy return voyage to
Lerici, his small schooner the Ariel sank and
Shelley drowned with Edward Williams on July 8,
1822. The bodies were washed ashore at Viareggio,
where, in the presence of Lord Byron and Leigh
Hunt, they were burned on the beach. Shelley was
later buried in Rome.