金兰之交的由来:求助：什么是现在完成时……

1。现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。

2。将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

3。过去进行时的基本用法

a.过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等待。

b.过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新的

动作刚刚开始。如：

Soon the whole town was talking about it.不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。

c.过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口，这种用法常用在口语中。如：

-- Have you finished your homework, Mary?玛丽，你作业做完了吗？

-- No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday.还没呢，我昨天一天都帮妈妈在厨

房干活。

d.过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如：

I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。

e.过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这时be动词was/were要重读。如：

I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it .我本该今天早上给他写信的

，后来全给忘了。

I was seeing her tomorrow. 我本来打算明天会见她。

He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙

了。

过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that

time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last

night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。

What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday?昨天晚上七点你在干什么？

I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.我第一次遇到玛丽

是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。

I was cooking when she knocked at the door.她敲门时我正在做饭。

（3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：

I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。

注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：

She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）

She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）

一、过去进行时的时间状语

1.when 和while引导的状语从句中，强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态，while表示一段时
间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：

When/While we were having supper, the light went out.我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭了。

2.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意
想不到的动作发生了。如：

I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。

二、下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：

1. 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：

Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。

2. 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：

John was always coming to school late.约翰上学总是迟到。

Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.雷锋总是为人民做好事。

3. 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：

It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man

suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很

厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。

4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句

用一般过去时。如：

I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。

5go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：

I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉。

She was coming later.她随后就来。

三、过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词），用以提出请求。如：

I was wondering if you could help me.

I was hoping you could send me home.

4。现在完成进行时
1. 形式：have(has)+been+现在分词，以work为例：
肯定式：
IYouWehave
HeSheIthasbeen working.
否定式：
IYouWehave
HeSheIthasnot been working.
疑问式：
haveIYouWe
HasHeSheItbeen working?
2. 用法
现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终

止，也可能仍在进行。
I have been sitting here all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午了。
How long has it been raining?
雨下了多久了?
They have been fighting for independence since 1960s.
他们从60年代以来一直为独立而斗争。
3?现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1)现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。
I have been writing an article.
我一直在写一篇文章。(仍在)
I have written an article.
这已写好一篇文章。(已完成)
I have been reading that book since last week.
上周以来，我一直在读那本书。(还在读)
I have read that book before.
以前我曾读过那本书。(动作在过去曾经发生过)
2) 现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束的动作，强调动作在不久前持续进行，带有感

情色彩。
现在完成时表示已经结束的动作，强调动作的结果。
Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
你到哪里去了?我们到处在找你。(表示刚刚结束的动作)
We have looked for him, but haven't found him.
我们找过他，但没有找到他。(表示动作已结束，强调支作的结果)
3) 现在完成进行时表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情。
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来，创立们一直为我们杂志写稿。
We have been seeing quite alot of each other recently.
最近我们常常见面。

我吃完饭了--完成时
我刚才吃的排骨.---过去时
我学了十二年英语了(还要继续学下去)---现在完成进行时.
等我毕业我就学了十五年英语了----将来完成时!

呵呵,用中文给你个解释好了

至于用法,这个网页有好多例句的,你去看一下噢!~~~

http://www.100point.com/users/teacher/winner/mysite/tenses.htm

过去发生的对现在产生影响.
eg:I have done my homework, so you can't make me study for the reason that i haven't done what i should do.
在"过去"的时态里的进行时,多用做回忆或报道等中
eg:i was doing my homework that time.
过去一直在做,而且现在依然在做
eg:i have been doing my homework all night long,and the rest is litte.
表示将来将要完成某事.
eg:i will have done my homework for 10 hours this afternoon.

可以在心中确定一个时间数轴，划分三个主要的时间段，即过去、现在和将来，并将8种基本时态归入不同的时间段：过去一般时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来一般时归入过去；现在一般时，现在进行时、现在完成时归入现在；将来一般时归入将来，至于其他8种不常见的时态可以依此归类。

查找了一些资料,希望对你有用,按一下顺序来解释

1 现在完成时
2 现在完成进行时
3 现在完成时和现在完成进行时比较
4 一般过去时和过去进行时比较
5 将来完成时

1 现在完成时:
a.现在完成时所表达的动作正在进行,但句子总是表明动作是什么时候开始的。

Examples:

Helen and Tom have been happily married since their wedding day 60 years ago.

Bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day.

b.与现在完成时常用的两个词: For and Since

For:表示动作持续的时间。如:for two minutes/weeks/years；for several days/a long time/the past month而在一般现在时不能与之连用。Since:表示动作从何时开始的.如:since 6:00/Apr. 23/last week /the accident

2 现在完成进行时:

a.现在完成进行时表示一个过去开始的并且现在仍在进行的动作。

Examples:

He has been waiting over there since 2:00.

For the last three months, Matthew has been studying Chinese.

b.现在完成进行时表示一个进行了很长时间并且刚刚完成了的动作。

Examples:

Oh, there you are! I have been looking for you everywhere.

c.与现在完成进行时搭配的时间副词:

since, for, all/week/month/year, in the past week/few months/few years, recently, lately

3 现在完成时和现在完成进行时比较

现在完成时：可表明发生动作的具体数字和次数。

Examples:

He has tried to pass the exam twice.

现在完成进行时：不表明发生动作的具体数字和次数。

Examples:

He has been trying to pass the exam all month.

4 一般过去时和过去进行时

a.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。

Examples:

My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.

My neighbor’s dog was barking at 3:00 this morning.

b.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去同一时间两个同时进行的动作。

与之常用的时间副词:while, as

Examples;

Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car.

As Michael was visiting Paris, Robert was teaching English classes in Beijing.

5 将来完成时

将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如：

1）By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2）I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.

3）When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

过去发生的事对现在或将来有影响的时态