第46届金马奖获奖名单:对于一种海洋生物的介绍（英文版）

中文名称 英文名称 木瓜鱼 trunk fish 石斑鱼 grouper 鹦哥鱼 parrotfish 海星 sea star 六线笛鲷 grunt 六间雀鲷 sergeant major 神仙鱼 angel fish 蝶鱼 butterfly fish 中国鲎(马蹄蟹) horse foot king crab horse shoe 刺河豚 balloon fish 乌贼 squid 螺 cone 珊瑚 coral 海鸥 gull 羊鱼 goatfish 水母 jellyfish 龙虾 lobster 水蛭 leech 狮子鱼 lion fish 鳐鱼 manta 蚝 oyster 海豚 dolphin 大象耳海棉 elephone ear sponge 海鳗 eel 海水 salt water 淡水 fresh water 巨浪 surge surf 海扇 sea fan 海参 sea cucumber 海胆 sea urchin 千手海葵 sea anemone 海蛇 sea snake 石狗公 sting fish 岩石峭壁 rocky cliff

　　蝶鱼 (BUTTERFLY FISH)
　　--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　~ Sea Snakes ~

　　NAME: Sea snake is the common name for certain marine members of a family of venomous snakes.

　　HABITAT: Sea snakes inhabit tropical waters from the Indian ocean to the Pacific ocean. Sea snakes are particularly abundant in the Persian Gulf and the Bay of Bengal.

　　SIZE: Most sea snakes are not large, ranging from about 1.6 to 3.3 feet in length, although Stokes's sea snake can reach nearly 6 and a half feet.

　　REPRODUCTION: One group of sea snakes, sometimes called the true sea snakes, give birth to live young and lack the enlarged ventral scales typical of most terrestrial snakes. The other group, sometimes referred to as seakraits, lay eggs; because they must leave the water to deposit their eggs, they retain straplike ventral scales, although these may be smaller than those of terrestrial snakes.

　　SWIMMING: The paddlelike tail of sea snakes is wide and compressed and makes an effective swimming organ.

　　BREATHING: Unlike eels, sea snakes have no gills and must rise to the surface of the water for air, but they can remain underwater for several hours, obtaining dissolved oxygen from water that they swallow and eject.

　　FEEDING: Many species feed on elongate fishes, such as eels, which they paralyze with their venom.

　　BEHAVIOR: Sea snakes are generally not aggressive and usually will not bite humans unless handled roughly or forcibly restrained.

　　VENOM: Sea snakes are highly venomous, and bites, though rare, are fatal.

　　COMMON SPECIES: The yellow-bellied sea snake, one of the most common sea snakes, ranges along the Pacific coast from southern California to northern South America. It is less than 3 and a quarter feet long and is black or dark brown with a bright yellow belly.

　　SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION: Sea snakes are usually classified in two subfamilies, the Hydrophiinae and the Laticaudinae, both in the family Elapidae. Some taxonomists classify them instead in two families, the Hydrophiidae and Laticaudidae, separate from the family Elapidae. Stokes's sea snake is classified as Astrotia stokesii. The yellow-bellied sea snake is classified as Pelamus platurus.
　　海蛇长了一口毒牙。其喷射的毒液，比陆地上最毒的眼镜蛇的毒液的毒性还要大50倍。海蛇的毒液属于神经毒素。人被海蛇咬伤后，从毒液进入人体到出现症状，一般要经过4个小时才发病。在此之前，没有什么明显症状，只有一点麻木和刺痛的感觉。4个小时后，毒素一旦发作，患者就会出现全身肌肉酸痛、眼睑下垂、颈部强直、心脏和肾脏受损。如果抢救无效，患者最终将死于心脏衰竭。海蛇可以制药。蛇毒可以用来制成各种单价或多价抗毒血清。用这种抗毒血清，可以治疗毒蛇咬伤。海蛇毒可以提取多种活性酶。这些活性酶可以在医药和科研中使用。使用海蛇毒素研制成的新型镇痛药，对三叉神经痛、坐骨神经痛等顽固性神经疼痛具有良好的镇痛效果。此外，对恶性肿瘤引起的剧痛，也有明显的镇痛效果。用海蛇毒制作的镇痛药，和镇痛药物吗啡相比，虽然起效稍慢，但是镇痛时间长，不会成瘾，所以很受欢迎。我国用海蛇治疗风湿性关节炎、腰背痛、肌肉麻木等疾病的传统方法是，活蛇入酒，浸死，然后取出来，洗干净，封存在60度的酒中半年以上，每次服用少量，同时用酒擦身。海蛇肉和蛋都有良好的补益作用。将海蛇肉或者海蛇蛋炖食，可以治疗营养不良，并且有强身壮体的功效。海蛇胆可以驱风活血，蛇油还可以养护肌肤，是良好的护肤佳品。