处方调剂流程图:帮忙 翻译 谢谢

Further activity is carried out with the master’s theses for studies of feasibility, designs, experimental tests, and valida-tions regarding new solutions, optimizations, and new appli-cations of robots. For example, Figure 9(c) shows a valida-tion test of Cassino Tracking System (CATRASYS) by using the Scorbot robot of Figure 2(c). CATRASYS is a new measuring system that has been conceived at LARM based on a wire parallel manipulator for the mechanical design and on the triangularization technique for the operation. Figure 9(d) is a new robot architecture of a serial-parallel-serial manipulator by using the PUMA industrial robot, CaPa-Man2, and a telescopic arm. It was conceived at LARM, and several master’s theses have been developed and are still ongoing in order to better design and operate the system as well as to characterize its performances.
A further interesting example of a new application of a low-cost robot can be seen in the use of CaPaMan as an earthquake simulator, which has been studied in mas-ter’s theses.
In summary, at LARM in Cassino, most of the work in the field of robotics has been and is carried out to gain experience and investigate robotic systems with a low-cost robot design approach. This approach has not limited the research and
teaching activities but has had the aim to give an easy accep-tance of the proposed designs by people from industry and a successful teaching tool to form young engineers and experts in robotics and automation at large. Conclusion In this overview, low-cost robots have been presented with their basic characteristics and future development. The fun-damental motivation for an optimistic future of low-cost robots has been recognized in financial convenience, use of market components, user-oriented design, and operation. These features are subject to investigation but also give the possibility to use and investigate low-cost robots all around the world with no limitation on available funds, instrumen-tation, and past experience in robotics. In addition, practice with low-cost robots is suitable for basic education and even training for young engineers in the fields of automation and, specifically, robotics. The content of this article focused both on teaching and research activities with low-cost robots because the two aspects can be thought related to each other, because, in robotics, a teacher may use research equipment for course practices and novel applications. Indeed, the aim of this article is also to show that low-cost robots can be used successfully both in teaching and research. Thus, the personal experiences of the author are shown as developed at LARM in Cassino with the aim to encourage colleagues, even from small universities, to work with low-cost robots as a fundamental area in the evolution of robotics and automation.
Keywords Robotics, low-cost robots, robot design, experimental robot-ics, teaching.