谁能撼动乔丹历史第一:分词独立主格结构跟前句话的失态有关系吗?

没有关系，只需要清楚该分词与自己的主语是主动还是被动就可以了，主动用ING形式，被动用ED形式

问题改正： 分词独立主格结构跟前面或后面主要子句时态有关吗？
回答： 当然有关。
1. 独立分词在句首，简单式现在分词表示与主要子句同时。例如：
The weather being fine, we went on a picnic. =
As the weather was fine, we went on a picnic.
2. 独立分词在句首，完成式现在分词表示早於主要子句。例如：
The typhoon having been over, we started to clean up the house. =
As the typhoon had been over, we started to clean up the house.
3. 独立分词在句首，简单式过去分词表示早於主要子句。例如：
The job done successfully, we went home to have dinner. =
As the job had been done successfully, we went home to have dinner.
4. 独立分词在句尾，常用简单式，无论现在分词或过去分词，表示与主要子句同时。例如：
He stood in front of his house, (with) his right hand waving vigorously. =
He stood in front of his house, and his right hand was waving vigorously.

She was lost in thought, (with) her eyes closed. =
She was lost in thought, and her eyes were closed.